A nonlinear model for marble sulphation including surface rugosity and mechanical damage

Here we propose and analyze a mathematical model that aims to describe the marble sulphation process occurring in a given material. The model accounts for rugosity as well as for damaging effects. This model is characterized by some technical difficulties that seem hard to overcome from a theoretical viewpoint. Therefore, we introduce some physically reasonable modifications in order to establish the existence of a suitable notion of solution on a given time interval. Numerical simulations are presented and discussed, also in view of further research.     

Hudson模型适用性及储层微观建模应用*

为明确裂缝间相互作用对各向异性的影响，本文以Hudson模型为例分析了裂缝密度、裂缝倾角对地震波波场、弹性常数和Thomsen系数的影响规律，然后采用“基质-骨架-流体”组合化的方法进行了裂缝储层微观尺度的建模，并与实际测井资料进行了对比。结果表明该模型适用条件为低裂缝密度储层，二阶模型适用的裂缝密度范围比一阶模型大，但在裂缝密度过大时，二阶模型会出现不收敛的现象，模型便不再适用。裂缝储层纵横波速度随裂缝倾角增大而增大，纵波速度对裂缝倾角更为敏感。另外，在与实际测井曲线对比时，在高裂缝密度地层二阶模型的应用效果明显优于一阶模型，说明了在高裂缝密度储层考虑裂缝间的相互作用的必要性。     

Time reversal for obstacle location in elastodynamics from acoustic recording

The Note is concerned with a feasibility study of time reversal in a non-homogeneous elastic medium, from data recorded in an acoustic medium. Our aim here is to determine the presence and some physical properties of elastic “inclusions” (unknown, not observable solid objects, characterized by their elastic properties) from partial observations of acoustic waves scattered by these inclusions. A finite element numerical method, based on a variational acousto-elastodynamics formulation, is derived and used to solve the forward, and then, the time-reversed problem. A criterion, derived from the reverse time migration framework, is introduced, to help construct images of the inclusions to be determined. Numerical illustrations on configurations that mimic the breast cancer configuration are proposed, and show that one can differentiate between two inclusions, even with different properties.     

Design and Synthesis of Imidazole and Triazole Pyrazoles as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis CYP121A1 Inhibitors

The emergence of untreatable drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major public health problem worldwide, and the identification of new efficient treatments is urgently needed. Mycobacterium tuberculosis cytochrome P450 CYP121A1 is a promising drug target for the treatment of tuberculosis owing to its essential role in mycobacterial growth. Using a rational approach, which includes molecular modelling studies, three series of azole pyrazole derivatives were designed through two synthetic pathways. The synthesized compounds were biologically evaluated for their inhibitory activity towards M. tuberculosis and their protein binding affinity (K_D). Series 3 biarylpyrazole imidazole derivatives were the most effective with the isobutyl ( 10 f ) and tert-butyl ( 10 g ) compounds displaying optimal activity (MIC 1.562 μg/mL, K_D 0.22 μM ( 10 f ) and 4.81 μM ( 10 g )). The spectroscopic data showed that all the synthesised compounds produced a type II red shift of the heme Soret band indicating either direct binding to heme iron or (where less extensive Soret shifts are observed) putative indirect binding via an interstitial water molecule. Evaluation of biological and physicochemical properties identified the following as requirements for activity: LogP >4, H-bond acceptors/H-bond donors 4/0, number of rotatable bonds 5–6, molecular volume >340 ų, topological polar surface area <40 Ų.     

基于NICE-OHMS技术进行大气压气样直接检测的理论分析

噪声免疫腔增强光外差分子光谱技术(NICE-OHMS)是目前世界上最灵敏的激光吸收光谱技术,其在低压环境中具有极高的探测灵敏度。然而当测量样品处于大气压时,NICE-OHMS系统的探测灵敏度会大幅下降。主要原因之一是大气压下获取最大NICE-OHMS信号幅度的条件与低气压下不同。通过对大气压NICE-OHMS理论进行分析,分析了影响信号幅度的参数,并通过数值模拟来寻找最佳的实验条件。本文着重讨论影响信号的主要参数包括光学腔腔长L,调制系数β,探测相位θ。其中,由于在NICE-OHMS中使用DeVoe-Brewer技术将调制频率ν_m锁定到Fabry-Parot(FP)腔的自由光谱区(FSR)。因此FP腔的腔长决定了ν_m,同时还作用于信号幅度S■。模拟结果显示,当腔长增大时,由于ν_m随之减小,载波和边带的光谱成分相互重叠部分增大,因此线型函数的幅度逐渐减小。而吸收信号幅度随着腔长的增加而逐渐增加,色散信号幅度先增大后减小,并且在腔长等于8 cm时达到最大值。调制系数β会影响频率调制后激光载波和边带的幅度大小,并且影响信号线型。随着腔长的增加,最大信号幅度对应的β值也随之增加。在相同腔长下,色散信号的最佳β值小于吸收信号,更容易使用电光调制器实现。最后分析了参数的可实现性,分析了不同种类激光器的频率调谐能力,压电陶瓷的扫描宽度等。以乙炔气体为例,大气压下NICE-OHMS的谱线半宽达到~3 GHz,而光谱覆盖范围大于10 GHz。分布反馈式半导体激光器(DFB)与外腔二极管激光器(ECDL)的频率调谐范围可以达到30 GHz以上,但是由于激光线宽宽,得到的PDH锁定性能欠佳。回音壁模式激光器(WGM)和掺饵光纤激光器(EDFL)线宽为百Hz量级,是目前高灵敏NICE-OHMS系统中常用的光源。但是WGM目前可以实现了5 GHz的激光频率调谐范围,而EDFL的外部电压可控制的调谐范围仅为3 GHz。使用精细度为55000的腔进行模拟,调制系数β=1,腔长大于8 cm时,可使用WGM激光器实现,腔长大于25 cm时,可以使用EDFL激光器实现。而对于在设计光学腔中常用的伸缩长度为25μm的PZT,随着腔长的增加,对应的腔模频移范围逐渐减小,在腔长为典型的40 cm时,扫描范围大于12 GHz。     

On the inflation and deflation dynamics of liquid-filled,hyperelastic balloons

We derive a reduced-order model describing the inflation and deflation dynamics of a liquid-filled hyperelastic balloon, focusing on inviscid laminar flow and the extensional motion of the balloon. We initially study the flow and pressure fields for dictated motion of the solid, which throughout deflation are obtained by solving the potential problem. However, during inflation, flow separation creates a jet within the balloon, requiring a different approach. The analyses of both flow regimes lead to a simple piecewise model, describing the fluidic pressure during inflation and deflation, which is verified by finite element computations. We then use a variational approach to derive the equation describing the interaction between the extensional mode of the balloon and the entrapped fluid, yielding a nonlinear hybrid oscillator equation. Analytical and graphical investigations of the suggested model are presented, shedding light on its static and dynamic behaviour under different operating conditions. Our simplified model and its underlying assumptions are verified utilizing a fully coupled finite element scheme, showing excellent agreement.     

真空条件下LiCl溶液蒸发量随浓度变化规律研究

除湿溶液再生是除湿空调系统的核心过程,为了提高除湿溶液再生效率,以蒸发量作为评价标准,在不同的真空度下对不同浓度LiCl溶液进行再生。对不同再生条件下,溶液的再生情况进行数学模拟及实验研究,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行对比分析,结果表明,实验结果同模拟结果具有相同的变化趋势。在6 kPa和8 kPa的压强下,LiCl溶液的蒸发量随浓度的增大先上升后下降,而在1 kPa的压强下,LiCl溶液的蒸发量随浓度的增大呈现出先下降再升高接着又下降的趋势。     

On the combination of kernel principal component analysis and neural networks for process indirect control

ABSTRACT

A new adaptive kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) for non-linear discrete system control is proposed. The proposed approach can be treated as a new proposition for data pre-processing techniques. Indeed, the input vector of neural network controller is pre-processed by the KPCA method. Then, the obtained reduced neural network controller is applied in the indirect adaptive control. The influence of the input data pre-processing on the accuracy of neural network controller results is discussed by using numerical examples of the cases of time-varying parameters of single-input single-output non-linear discrete system and multi-input multi-output system. It is concluded that, using the KPCA method, a significant reduction in the control error and the identification error is obtained. The lowest mean squared error and mean absolute error are shown that the KPCA neural network with the sigmoid kernel function is the best.     

Assembling hydrodynamic cloaks to conceal complex objects from drag

Transformation hydrodynamics and the corresponding metamaterials have been proposed as a means to exclude the drag force acting on an object. Here, we report a strategy to deploy the hydrodynamic cloaks in a more practical manner by assembling different-shaped cloaking parts. Our strategy is to first model a square-shaped cloak and a carpet cloak and then combine them to conceal a more complex-shaped space in the three-dimensional hydrodynamic flow. With the derivation of transformation hydrodynamics, the coordinate transformations for each hydrodynamic cloaking are demonstrated with the calculated viscosity tensors. The pressure and velocity fields of the square, triangular (carpet), and exemplary three-dimensional house-shaped cloaks are numerically simulated, thus showing a cloaking effect and reduced drag. This study suggests an efficient way of cloaking complex architectures from fluid-dynamic forces.     

An improved semi-empirical friction model for gas-liquid two-phase flow in horizontal and near horizontal pipes

Pressure drop and liquid hold-up are two very important fluid flow parameters in design and control of multiphase flow pipelines. Friction factors play an important role in the accurate calculation of pressure drop. Various empirical and semi-empirical closure relations exist in the literature to calculate the liquid-wall, gas-wall and interfacial friction in two-phase pipe flow.However most of them are empirical correlations found under special experimental conditions. In this paper by modification of a friction model available in the literature, an improved semiempirical model is proposed. The proposed model is incorporated in the two-fluid correlations under equilibrium conditions and solved. Pressure gradient and velocity profiles are validated against experimental data. Using the improved model, the pressure gradient deviation from experiments diminishes by about 3%; the no-slip condition at the interface is satisfied and the velocity profile is predicted in better agreement with the experimental data.